数组中的reduce

reduce

reduce作为es5新增的常规数组方法之一，却比forEach，filter和map更强大。

• 它是对数组中的每个元素执行一个自定义的累计器，将结果汇总为单个返回值。

• 形式：array.reduce((t, v, i, a) => {}, initValue)
• 参数
  • callback：回调函数(必选)
  • initValue：初始值(可选)
• 回调函数的参数
  • total(t)：累计器完成计算的返回值(必选)
  • value(v)：当前元素(必选)
  • index(i)：当前元素的索引(可选)
  • array(a)：当前元素所属的数组对象(可选)
• 过程
  • 以t作为累计结果的初始值，不设置t则以数组第一个元素为初始值
  • 开始遍历，使用累计器处理v，将v的映射结果累计到t上，结束此次循环，返回t
  • 进入下一次循环，重复上述操作，直至数组最后一个元素
  • 结束遍历，返回最终的t

reduce的精华所在是将累计器逐个作用于数组成员上，把上一次输出的值作为下一次输入的值。下面举个简单的例子，看看reduce的计算结果。

const arr = [3, 5, 1, 4, 2];
const a = arr.reduce((t, v) => t + v);
// 等同于
const b = arr.reduce((t, v) => t + v, 0);

贴一个reduce的作用动图

reduce实质上是一个累计器函数，通过用户自定义的累计器对数组成员进行自定义累计，得出一个由累计器生成的值。另外reduce还有一个胞弟reduceRight，两个方法的功能其实是一样的，只不过reduce是升序执行，reduceRight是降序执行。

对空数组调用reduce()和reduceRight()是不会执行其回调函数的，可认为reduce()对空数组无效

高级用法

累加累乘

function Accumulation(...vals){
	return vals.reduce((total,value) => {
		total + value
	},0);
}

function Multiplication(...vals){
	return vals.reduce((total,value) => {
		total * value
	},1);
}

权重求和

const scores = [
    { score: 90, subject: "chinese", weight: 0.5 },
    { score: 95, subject: "math", weight: 0.3 },
    { score: 85, subject: "english", weight: 0.2 }
];
const result = scores.reduce((t, v) => t + v.score * v.weight, 0); // 90.5

代替reverse

function Reverse(arr = []) {
    return arr.reduceRight((t, v) => (t.push(v), t), []);
}

Reverse([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); // [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

(t.push(v), t)，逗号最后面的t 代表的啥意思？

这是用到了逗号操作符，返回t的意思

代替map和filter

const arr = [0,1,2,3];

// 代替map：[0, 2, 4, 6]
const a = arr.map(v => v * 2);
const b = arr.reduce((t, v) => [...t, v * 2], []);

// 代替filter：[2, 3]
const c = arr.filter(v => v > 1);
const d = arr.reduce((t, v) => v > 1 ? [...t, v] : t, []);

// 代替map和filter：[4, 6]
const e = arr.map(v => v * 2).filter(v => v > 2);
const f = arr.reduce((t, v) => v * 2 > 2 ? [...t, v * 2] : t, []);

代替some和every

const scores = [
    { score: 45, subject: "chinese" },
    { score: 90, subject: "math" },
    { score: 60, subject: "english" }
];

// 代替some：至少一门合格
const isAtLeastOneQualified = scores.reduce((t, v) => t || v.score >= 60, false); // true

// 代替every：全部合格
const isAllQualified = scores.reduce((t, v) => t && v.score >= 60, true); // false

数组分割

function Chunk(arr = [], size = 1) {
    return arr.length ? arr.reduce((t, v) => (t[t.length - 1].length === size ? t.push([v]) : t[t.length - 1].push(v), t), [[]]) : [];
}
 
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
Chunk(arr, 2); // [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]

数组过滤

function Difference(arr = [], oarr = []) {
    return arr.reduce((t, v) => (!oarr.includes(v) && t.push(v), t), []);
}
 
const arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const arr2 = [2, 3, 6]
Difference(arr1, arr2); // [1, 4, 5]

数组填充

function Fill(arr = [], val = "", start = 0, end = arr.length) {
    if (start < 0 || start >= end || end > arr.length) return arr;
    return [
        ...arr.slice(0, start),
        ...arr.slice(start, end).reduce((t, v) => (t.push(val || v), t), []),
        ...arr.slice(end, arr.length)
    ];
}
 
const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
Fill(arr, "aaa", 2, 5); // [0, 1, "aaa", "aaa", "aaa", 5, 6]

数组扁平

function Flat(arr = []) {
    return arr.reduce((t, v) => t.concat(Array.isArray(v) ? Flat(v) : v), [])
}
 
const arr = [0, 1, [2, 3], [4, 5, [6, 7]], [8, [9, 10, [11, 12]]]];
Flat(arr); // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

数组去重

function Uniq(arr = []) {
    return arr.reduce((t, v) => t.includes(v) ? t : [...t, v], []);
}
 
const arr = [2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 2];
Uniq(arr); // [2, 1, 0, 3]

数组最大最小值

function Max(arr = []) {
    return arr.reduce((t, v) => t > v ? t : v);
}

function Min(arr = []) {
    return arr.reduce((t, v) => t < v ? t : v);
}
 
const arr = [12, 45, 21, 65, 38, 76, 108, 43];
Max(arr); // 108
Min(arr); // 12

数组成员独立拆解

function Unzip(arr = []) {
    return arr.reduce(
        (t, v) => (v.forEach((w, i) => t[i].push(w)), t),
        Array.from({ length: Math.max(...arr.map(v => v.length)) }).map(v => [])
    );
}
 js
const arr = [["a", 1, true], ["b", 2, false]];
Unzip(arr); // [["a", "b"], [1, 2], [true, false]]

数组成员个数统计

function Count(arr = []) {
    return arr.reduce((t, v) => (t[v] = (t[v] || 0) + 1, t), {});
}

const arr = [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2];
Count(arr); // { 0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3 }

此方法是字符统计和单词统计的原理，入

参时把字符串处理成数组即可

数组成员位置记录

function Position(arr = [], val) {
    return arr.reduce((t, v, i) => (v === val && t.push(i), t), []);
}
const arr = [2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 1, 6, 6, 7];
Position(arr, 2); // [0, 4]

数组成员特性分组

function Group(arr = [], key) {
    return key ? arr.reduce((t, v) => (!t[v[key]] && (t[v[key]] = []), t[v[key]].push(v), t), {}) : {};
}
复制代码
const arr = [
    { area: "GZ", name: "YZW", age: 27 },
    { area: "GZ", name: "TYJ", age: 25 },
    { area: "SZ", name: "AAA", age: 23 },
    { area: "FS", name: "BBB", age: 21 },
    { area: "SZ", name: "CCC", age: 19 }
]; // 以地区area作为分组依据
Group(arr, "area"); // { GZ: Array(2), SZ: Array(2), FS: Array(1) }

数组成员所含关键字统计

function Keyword(arr = [], keys = []) {
    return keys.reduce((t, v) => (arr.some(w => w.includes(v)) && t.push(v), t), []);
}
const text = [
    "今天天气真好，我想出去钓鱼",
    "我一边看电视，一边写作业",
    "小明喜欢同桌的小红，又喜欢后桌的小君，真TM花心",
    "最近上班喜欢摸鱼的人实在太多了，代码不好好写，在想入非非"
];
const keyword = ["偷懒", "喜欢", "睡觉", "摸鱼", "真好", "一边", "明天"];
Keyword(text, keyword); // ["喜欢", "摸鱼", "真好", "一边"]

字符串翻转

function ReverseStr(str = "") {
    return str.split("").reduceRight((t, v) => t + v);
}
const str = "reduce最牛逼";
ReverseStr(str); // "逼牛最ecuder"

数字千分化

function ThousandNum(num = 0) {
    const str = (+num).toString().split(".");
    const int = nums => nums.split("").reverse().reduceRight((t, v, i) => t + (i % 3 ? v : `${v},`), "").replace(/^,|,$/g, "");
    const dec = nums => nums.split("").reduce((t, v, i) => t + ((i + 1) % 3 ? v : `${v},`), "").replace(/^,|,$/g, "");
    return str.length > 1 ? `${int(str[0])}.${dec(str[1])}` : int(str[0]);
}

ThousandNum(1234); // "1,234"
ThousandNum(1234.00); // "1,234"
ThousandNum(0.1234); // "0.123,4"
ThousandNum(1234.5678); // "1,234.567,8"

异步累计

async function AsyncTotal(arr = []) {
    return arr.reduce(async(t, v) => {
        const at = await t;
        const todo = await Todo(v);
        at[v] = todo;
        return at;
    }, Promise.resolve({}));
}
const result = await AsyncTotal(); // 需要在async包围下使用

斐波那契数列

function Fibonacci(len = 2) {
    const arr = [...new Array(len).keys()];
    return arr.reduce((t, v, i) => (i > 1 && t.push(t[i - 1] + t[i - 2]), t), [0, 1]);
}

Fibonacci(10); // [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

URL参数反序列化

function ParseUrlSearch() {
    return location.search.replace(/(^\?)|(&$)/g, "").split("&").reduce((t, v) => {
        const [key, val] = v.split("=");
        t[key] = decodeURIComponent(val);
        return t;
    }, {});
}

// 假设URL为：https://www.baidu.com?age=25&name=TYJ
ParseUrlSearch(); // { age: "25", name: "TYJ" }

URL参数序列化

function StringifyUrlSearch(search = {}) {
    return Object.entries(search).reduce(
        (t, v) => `${t}${v[0]}=${encodeURIComponent(v[1])}&`,
        Object.keys(search).length ? "?" : ""
    ).replace(/&$/, "");
}
StringifyUrlSearch({ age: 27, name: "YZW" }); // "?age=27&name=YZW"

返回对象指定键值

function GetKeys(obj = {}, keys = []) {
    return Object.keys(obj).reduce((t, v) => (keys.includes(v) && (t[v] = obj[v]), t), {});
}
复制代码
const target = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4 };
const keyword = ["a", "d"];
GetKeys(target, keyword); // { a: 1, d: 4 }

数组转对象

const people = [
    { area: "GZ", name: "YZW", age: 27 },
    { area: "SZ", name: "TYJ", age: 25 }
];
const map = people.reduce((t, v) => {
    const { name, ...rest } = v;
    t[name] = rest;
    return t;
}, {}); // { YZW: {…}, TYJ: {…} }

Redux Compose函数原理

function Compose(...funs) {
    if (funs.length === 0) {
        return arg => arg;
    }
    if (funs.length === 1) {
        return funs[0];
    }
    return funs.reduce((t, v) => (...arg) => t(v(...arg)));
}

###